plantagenet2

'Plantagenet2'Index links to: Lead / Letter
Families covered: Beaufort of Somerset, Plantagenet of England, Plantagenet of Kent, Plantagenet of York

As mentioned on Plantagenet1, it appears that the first of this family to actually use Plantagenet as a name was Richard, 3rd Duke of York.

Edward Plantagenet, 'Longshanks', King Edward I of England (b 17.06.1239, d 08.07.1307)

§A

m1. (18.10.1254) Eleanor of Castille (b 1240/41, d 29.11.1290, dau of Fernando III, King of Castile and Leon, etc)

ancestors line W (part)

Eleanor Plantagenet (b 18.06.1269, d 29.08.1297)

GHS

m1. Alfonso III 'el Liberal', King of Aragon, Sicilty, etc (b 1265, dsp 18.07.1291)

m2. (20.09.1293) Henry III, Count of Bar (d 1302)

GHS

Joan Plantagenet 'of Acre' (b 1272, d 07/23.04.1307)

m1. (30.04.1290) Gilbert de Clare, 'the Red', Earl of Gloucester and Hertford (b 02.09.1243, d 07.12.1295)

m2. (1297) Sir Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Lord (b by 1290, d 05.04.1325)

Thomas de Monthermer, 2nd Lord (b 04.10.1301, d Sluys 24.06.1340)

m. Margaret (d 05.1349, probably widow of Henry, Lord Theyes)

Margaret de Monthermer (b 14.10.1329, d 24.03.1394/5)

m. Sir John de Montacute, 1st Lord Montacute (a 1389)

Edward de Monthermer of Warblington, Lord (d unm by 03.02.1339/40)

Mary de Monthermer (b c1298)

m. (11.1307) Duncan, 10th Earl of Fife (b c1285, d 1353)

Margaret Plantagenet (b 15.03.1275, d 1333)

m. (09.07.1290) John II, Duke of Brabant (b after 1273, d 27.12.1312)

Elizabeth Plantagenet (b 07.08.1282, d 05.05.1316)

m1. (1297) John I, Count of Holland (d 1299)

m2. (14.11.1302) Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, Earl of Essex, Constable of England (b c1276, d 16.03.1321)

Edward Plantagenet, King Edward II of England (b 25.04.1284, d 21.09.1327, 4th son)

m. (25.01.1308) Isabella of France (b 1295, d 22.08.1358, dau of Philip IV 'le Bel', King of France)

ancestors line W (part)

Edward Plantagenet, King Edward III of England (b 13.11.1312, d 21.06.1377)

m. (24.01.1328) Philippa of Hainault (b 24.06.1311, d 15.08.1369, dau of William III d'Avesnes, Count of Hainault and Holland)

ancestors line W (part)

Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, 'the Black Prince', Duke of Cornwall (b 15.06.1330, d 08.06.1376)

m. (10.10.1361) Joan Plantagenet, Countess of Kent (b 29.09.1328, d 08.08.1385) below

Edward Plantagenet (b 27.01.1365, dvp 1372)

Richard Plantagenet, King Richard II of England (b 06.01.1367, d 1400)

m1. (1382) Anna of Bohemia (b 11.07.1366, d 07.06.1394)

m2. (1396) Isabelle of France (b 1389, d 1409, dau of Charles VI, King of France)

p. Edith de Willesford name found on various web sites

Sir Roger de Clarendon (d 1402) had issue (see Smith05)

m. Margaret Fleming (d 1382, dau of John Fleming, Lord de La Roche)

ii.

Isabel Plantagenet (b 16.06.1332, d before 07.10.1382)

m. (27.07.1365) Enguerand VII de Coucy (b 1342, d 1397)

iii.

Lionel Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, Earl of Ulster (b 29.11.1338, d 17.10.1368)

m1. (09.1342) Elizabeth de Burgh (b 06.07.1332, d 10.12.1363, dau of William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster)

Philippa Plantagenet, Countess of Ulster (b 16.08.1355, d after 1378)

m. (after 1368) Edmund de Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March (b 01.02.1352, d 27.12.1381)

m2. (28.05.1368) Violante Visconti (b c1353, d 1386, dau of Galeazzo II Visconti of Milan)

iv.

John Plantagenet 'of Gaunt', Earl of Richmond, Duke of Lancaster, Duke of Aquitaine, King of Castile (b 24.06.1340, d 03.02.1399)

m1. (19.05.1359) Blanche Plantagenet (b 25.03.1345, d 12.09.1369, dau of Henry Plantagenet, 4th Earl of Lancaster)

Philippa Plantagenet (b 31.03.1360, d 19.07.1415)

m. (11.02.1387) Joao I 'the False', King of Portugal (b 11.04.1358, d 14.08.1433)

Elizabeth Plantagenet (b by 21.02.1364, d 24.11.1425)

m1. (1384) John Holand, Earl of Huntingdon, Duke of Exeter (d 1400)

m2. (sp) Sir John Cornwall, Lord Fanhope (d 1443)

Henry Plantagenet 'Bolingbroke', King Henry IV of England (b 30.05.1366, d 21.03.1412-3, 4th son)

m1. Mary de Bohun (d 04.07.1394, dau of Humphry de Bohun, Earl of Northampton, Hereford and Essex)

(1)

Henry Plantagenet, King Henry V of England (b 09.08.1387, d 31.08.1422)

m. (02/3.06.1420) Catherine of France (b 27.10.1401, d 03.01.1437/8, dau of Charles VI, King of France)

(A)

Henry Plantagenet, King Henry VI of England (b 06.12.1421, d c05.1471)

m. (22.04.1445) Margaret of Anjou (b 1429, d 1482, dau of Regnier, Duke of Anjou, King of Sicily & Jerusalem)

(i)

Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales (b 13.10.1453, dspvp Tewkesbury 04.05.1471)

m. (08.1470) Anne Nevill (d 16.03.1485, dau of Richard, Earl of Warwick)

(2)

Thomas Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence (b 01.10.1388, dsp Beauje 22.03.1421)

m. (1411) Margaret Holand (d 30.12.1429, dau of Thomas Holand, 2nd Earl of Kent)

(3)

John Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford (b 20.06.1389, dsp 15.09.1435)

m1. (mcrt 15.05.1423) Anne of Burgundy (d 14.11.1432, dau of John, Duke of Burgundy)

m2. (20.04.1433) Jaquetta (d 30.05.1472, dau of Pierre I, Count of Luxembourg-St. Pol, de Brienne et di Conversano)

(4)

Humphrey Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester (b 03.10.1390, dspl 23.02.1447)

m. (1428) Eleanor Cobham (d 1454, dau of Reginald de Cobham, 3rd Lord of Sterborough)

partner unknown

(A)

Antigone

m. Sir Henry Grey, 2nd Count of Tankerville (d 1449)

(5)

Blanche Plantagenet

m. (1402) Louis, Duke of Bavaria

(6)

Philippa Plantagenet (dsp)

m. (1405) Eric, King of Denmark

m2. (1403) Joan of Navarre (d 10.06.1437, dau of Charles II, King of Navarre)

d.+

other issue - John (b c1362, d c1365), Edward (b c1365, d c1368), John (b before 04.05.1366, d young), Isabel (b c1368)

m2. (06.1371) Constanza, Queen of Castile (b 1354, d 24.03.1394, dau of Pedro I 'the Cruel', King of Castile and Leon)

Katharine Plantagenet (b 1372, d 02.06.1418)

m. (1393/7) Enrique III 'el Doliente', King of Castile and Leon (b 04.10.1379, d 25.12.1406)

John Plantagenet (b 1374, d 1375)

m3. (13.01.1396) Katherine de Roet (b 1350, d 10.05.1403, dau of Sir Payne Roet)
Catherine had been John of Gaunt's mistress and bore his children before they married. The children were legitimated.

John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, Marquess of Somerset (b 1371-2, d 21.04.1410 or 16.03.1409/10)

m. (before 28.09.1397) Margaret Holand (d 30.12.1429, dau of Thomas Holand, 2nd Earl of Kent)

(1)

Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset (bpt 26.11.1401, d unm 25.11.1418)

(2)

Jane (or Joan) Beaufort (d 15.07.1445)

m1. (1423) James Stewart, King James I of Scots (b 12.1394, d 21.02.1437)

m2. Sir James Stewart ("the Black Knight of Lorn")

(3)

John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (b before 25.04.1404, d 27.05.1444)

m. (c1442) Margaret Beauchamp (dau of John de Beauchamp, 3rd Lord of Bletsho)

(A)

Margaret Beaufort (b 31.05.1443, d 1509)

m1. (div) John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk

m2. (1455) Edmund Tudor of Hadham, 1st Earl of Richmond (d 1456)

Their son Henry became King Henry VII of England.

m3. Sir Henry Stafford

m4. (sp) Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby (d 29.07.1504)

partner unknown

(B)

Thomasine or Tacine

m. Sir Reginald Grey, 7th Lord of Wilton (d 22.02.1493/4)

(4)

Thomas Beaufort, Earl of Perche (b 1405, d 1432)

(5)

Edmund Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset (b 1406, d 22.05.1455)
Although Edmund inherited the earldom of Somerset from his brother John, his dukedom was a new creation.

m. (before 1436) Alianore Beauchamp (b 1407, d 06.03.1466/7, dau of Richard Beauchamp, 5th Earl of Warwick)

(A)

Henry Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset (b 26.01.1436, d 16.05.1464)

partner: Joane Hill

(i)

Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester (b c1460, d 15.04.1526)

m1. (02.06.1492) Elizabeth Herbert (d 1514, dau of William Herbert, Earl of Huntingdon)

m2. Elizabeth West (dau of Thomas West, Lord de la Warr)

m3. (sp) Eleanor Sutton (dau of Sir Edward Sutton, Lord Dudley)

(B)

2 sons - Edmund (b 1438, d unm 06.05.1471), John (d Tewkesbury 04.05.1471)

(C)

Eleanor (Alinaore) Beaufort (d 16.08.1501)

m1. (04.1458) James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormonde, Lord Deputy of Ireland (b 24.11.1420, dsp 01.05.1461)

m2. Sir Robert Spencer of Spencer Coombe (Spencercombe), Devon

(i)

Catherine Spencer (d 10.1542)

m. (before 1502) Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland (b 1478, d 1527)

(ii)

Eleanor or Margaret Spencer

m. Thomas Cary of Chilton Foliat (d before 21.06.1536)

(D)

Joane Beaufort (d 11.08.1518)

m1. (06/7.1478) Robert St.Lawrence, Lord Howth, Lord Chancellor of Ireland (b c1435, d 1486)

m2. Sir Richard Fry

(E)

Anne Beaufort

m. Sir William Paston

(F)

Margaret Beaufort

m1. Humphrey de Stafford, Earl of Stafford (dvp St. Albans 22.05.1455)

m2. Sir Richard Dayrell of Lillingstone Dayrell

(G)

Elizabeth Beaufort (d before 1492)

m. Sir Henry Lewes or FitzLewis

(6)

Margaret Beaufort

m. Thomas Courtenay, 5th Earl of Devon (b 1414, d 03.02.1458)

Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Lincoln then of Winchester, Cardinal, Lord Chancellor of England (b 1375, d 11.04.1447)

Thanks to a site visitor (MF, 08.02.08) who drew our attention to the fact that the mother of Henry's daughter Jane was probably the following Alice FitzAlan. Wikipedia reports that Henry had an illegitimate daughter called Jane (born in 1402) but expresses some scepticism of the view that Alice was her mother.

p. Alice FitzAlan (dau of Richard FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel, widow of John Cherleton, Lord Powis who d. 1401)

(1)

Jane Beaufort

m. Sir Edward Stradling of St. Donat's (a 1422)

Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (b c01.1377, d 27.12.1417/1426)

m. (before 15.02.1403/4) Margaret Nevil (dau of Sir Thomas Nevil of Horneby)

(1)

Henry Beaufort

Joan Beaufort (b 1379, d 1440)

m1. Sir Robert de Ferrers, 2nd Lord of Wemme (b 1370, d 1410)

m2. Ralph Neville of Raby, 1st Earl of Westmorland (d 21.10.1425)

Edmund Plantagenet of Langley, Earl of Cambridge, 1st Duke of York (b 05.06.1341, d 01.08.1402)

m1. (01.03.1372) Isabella of Castile (b 1355, d 23.11.1392, dau of Pedro I 'the Cruel', King of Castile and Leon)

Edward Plantagenet, 2nd Duke of York, Duke of Albermarle (b 1373, d Agincourt 25.10.1415)

m. (1396) Philippa de Mohun (d 17.07.1431, dau of John de Mohun, 2nd Lord of Dunster)

Richard Plantagenet of Conisburgh, Earl of Cambridge (b 1375, d 05.08.1415)

m1. Anne Mortimer (dau of Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March)

(1)

Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (b 21.09.1411, d Wakefield 31.12.1460)

m. (before 18.10.1424) Cecily Nevill (d 31.05.1495, dau of Ralph Nevill, 1st Earl of Westmorland)

(A)

Edward Plantagenet, King Edward IV of England (b 28.04.1441, d 09.04.1483)

It has been alleged that Edward was not son of the Duke of York but was his mother's bastard, having been conceived when the Duke was away on a military campaign. This is thought to have been (part of) the reason why Edward's sons, 'the Princes in the Tower', were murdered. After Edward's brother & successor King Richard III had been killed at Bosworth, the crown passed through Edward's daughter Elizabeth into the Tudor family, thereby ending the Wars of the Roses. Had Richard won at Bosworth and not had an heir, Edward may not have been accepted as legitimate and the succession would probably then have passed through their niece Margaret Plantagenet who was married (after Bosworth) to Sir Richard Pole.

m. (01.05.1464) Elizabeth Wydville (b c1437, d 06.1492, dau of Sir Richard Wydville, 1st Earl Rivers)

(i)

Edward Plantagenet, King Edward V of England (b 02.11.1470, d 23.06.1483)

(ii)

Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York (b 17.08.1473, d 23.06.1483)

m. (15.01.1477-8) Anne Mowbray (b c1472, d 16.01.1480-1, dau of John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk)

(iii)

Elizabeth Plantagenet (b 1466, d 11.02.1503)

ancestors line Y

Y..

m. (18.01.1486) Henry Tudor, King Henry VII of England (b 26.07.1455, d 22.04.1509)
ancestors line H

(v)

Cicely Plantagenet (b 20.03.1468/9, d 24.08.1507)

m1. (01.12.1487) John, Viscount Welles (dsps 09.02.1498-9)

m2. (1503) Thomas Kymbe

(vii)

Anne Plantagenet (b 02.11.1475, dsps 23.11.1511)

m. (04.02.1494-5) Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk (b 1473, d 25.08.1554)

(viii)

Katherine Plantagenet (b 1479, d 15.11.1527)

m. (10.1495) Sir William Courtenay, 'Earl of Devon' (d 09.06.1511)

(ix)+

other issue - Mary (b 1467, d unm 23.05.1482), Margaret (b 19.04.1472, d infant), Bridget (b 10.11.1480, d 1517, nun)

p. (Lady) Elizabeth Lucy

(xii)

Elizabeth

m. Thomas Lumley (dvp 1487)

p. probably either the above Elizabeth Lucy (as reported by some) or Jane Shore or Elizabeth Waite

(xiii)

Arthur Waite, later Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle (d 03.03.1541/2)

m1. (12.11.1511) Elizabeth Grey (d c1530, dau of Edward Grey, 1st Viscount L'Isle)

(a)

Bridget Plantagenet presumed of this marriage

m. Sir Thomas Cawarden

(b)

Frances Plantagenet presumed of this marriage

m1. John Basset of Tehidy and Umberleigh (b 1519, d 1541)

m2. Thomas Monck of Potheridge

(c)

daughter presumed of this marriage

m2. Honora Granville (a 08.1563, dau of Sir Thomas Granville)

(B)

Edmond Plantagenet, Earl of Rutland (b 17.05.1443, d unm Wakefield 31.12.1460)

(C)

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, Earl of Warwick (b 21.10.1449, d 18.01.1477)

m. (11.07.1469) Isabel Nevill (b 05.09.1451, d 12.12.1476, dau of Richard Nevill, Earl of Warwick)

(i)

Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (b c1469, d 27.05.1541)

m. (22.09.1494) Sir Richard Pole (d 11.1504)

(ii)

Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick (b 21.02.1474-5, d unm 24.11.1499)

(C)

Richard Plantagenet, Duke of Gloucester, King Richard III of England (b 21.10.1450, d Bosworth 22.08.1485)

m. (12.07.1472) Anne Nevill (d 16.03.1485, dau of Richard Nevill, Earl of Warwick)

(i)

Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Salisbury, Prince of Wales (b 1473, dvp 31.03.1484)

(D)

Anne Plantagenet (d 14.01.1475-6)

m1. (30.07.1447, div 12.11.1472) Henry Holand, 2nd Duke of Exeter (d 1473)

m2. Sir Thomas St. Leger

(E)

Elizabeth Plantagenet

m. (10.1460) John de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk (d 1491)

(F)

Margaret Plantagenet (dsp)

m. (09.07.1468) Charles 'the Bold', Duke of Burgundy

(2)

Isabel Plantagenet (d 02.10.1484)

m. Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Ewe, 1st Earl of Essex (d 04.04.1483)

m2. Maud Clifford (dau of Thomas, Lord de Clifford)

Constance Plantagenet (d 28.11.1416)

m. (1386) Thomas le Despencer, Earl of Gloucester (d 17.01.1400)

p. Edmund Holand, 4th Earl of Kent (b 06.01.1383, d 15.09.1407)

m2. (before 04.11.1393) Joan Holand (b 1380, d 1434, dau of Thomas Holand, 2nd Earl of Kent)

vi.

Mary Plantagenet (b 10.10.1344, dsp 1361/2)

m. (1361) Jean V, Duke of Bretagne (b 1339, d 01.11.1399)

vii.

Margaret Plantagenet (b 20.07.1346, dsp after 01.10.1361)

m. (19.05.1359) John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (b 29.08.1347, d 16.04.1375)

viii.

Thomas Plantagenet of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, Earl of Buckingham (b 07.01.1355, d 08.09.1397)

m. (1374) Eleanor de Bohun (b 1366, d 03.10.1399, dau of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Northampton, Hereford & Essex )

Humphrey Plantagenet de Bohun, Duke of Gloucester (b c1382, d unm 02.09.1399)

Anne Plantagenet, Countess of Buckingham, Hereford & Northampton (b 1383, d 16.10.1438)

m1. (c1390) Thomas de Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford (b before 1368, dsp 04.07.1392)

m2. (c28.06.1398) Edmund de Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford (b 02.03.1377, d Shrewsbury 21.07.1403)

m3. (20.11.1405) William Bourchier, 1st Earl of Ewe (Eu) (d 28.05.1420)

Joan Plantagenet (b 1384, d 16.08.1400)

m. (before 20.05.1392, sp) Gilbert Talbot, 5th Baron (b 1383, d 19.10.1418-9)

d.+

other issue - Isabel (b 12.03.1386, d 1402, nun), Philippa (b c1389, d before 03.10.1399)

ix.+

other issue - Joan (b c1335, d 1348), William (b before 16.02.1337, d 1337), Blanche (b/d 1342), William (b/d 1348)

John Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall (b 15.08.1316, d 14.09.1336)

Eleanor Plantagenet (b 08.06.1318, d 22.04.1355)

m. (1332) Rainald II, Duke of Gueldres (d 1343)

Joan Plantagenet (b 05.07.1321, d 07.09.1362)

m. (17.07.1328) David Bruce, King David II of Scots (b 05.03.1324, dsp 22.02.1370)

6.+

other issue - daughter (b/d 1255), Katherine (b before 17.06.1264, d 05.09.1264), Joan (b 1265, d before 07.09.1265), John (b 13/14.07.1266, d 03.08.1271), Henry (b c05.1268, d 14/17.10.1274), daughter (b/d 1271/2), Alfonso (b 24.11.1273, d 19.08.1284, Earl of Chester), Berengaria (b 01.05.1276, d before 27.06.1278), daughter (b/d 1278), Mary (b 11/12.03.1279, d 29.05.1332, nun), Beatrice (b c1286, d young), Blanche (b 1290, d young)

m2. (08.09.1299) Margaret of France (b 1275, d 14.02.1317, dau of Philippe III 'le Hardi', King of France)

18.

Thomas Plantagenet 'de Brotherton', Earl of Norfolk (b 01.06.1300, d 1338)

m1. (c1320) Alice Hayles (d by 1330, dau of Sir Roger Hayles)

Edward Plantagenet (b c1319, d 1334)

m. (c1327) Beatrice Mortimer (d 16.10.1383, dau of Roger of Mortimer, 1st Earl of March)

Margaret Plantagenet, Duchess of Norfolk (b c1320, d 24.03.1399)

m1. (1327) John de Segrave, 4th Lord (b 1315, d 1353)

m2. (before 30.05.1354) Walter, Lord Manny (d 1372)

Anne Manny (d 03.04.1384)

m. John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (b 29.08.1347, d 16.04.1375)

Alice Plantagenet (b c1324, d before 16.11.1351)

m. (before 29.08.1338) Edward de Montagu, Lord Montagu (b c1304, d 1361)

m2. (c 1328) Mary de Ros (d 1362, dau of William de Ros, 2nd Lord)

19.

Edmund Plantagenet, 1st Earl of Kent, Earl of Arundel (b 05.08.1301, d 19.03.1330)

m. (1325) Margaret Wake 'of Liddell' (b c1299, d 29.09.1349, dau of John Wake, 1st Lord)

Edmund Plantagenet, 2nd Earl of Kent, Baron Woodstock (b c1326, d 05.01.1331)

John Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Kent, Baron Wake of Liddell (b 07.04.1330, dsp 26.12.1352)

m. (c1352) Elisabeth of Julich (d 06.06.1411, dau of William, Duke of Julich)

Margaret Plantagenet (b 1327, d before 1352)

m. Amadeus de la Brette

Joan Plantagenet, Countess of Kent (b 29.09.1328, d 08.08.1385)

HJY

m1. (before 15.10.1348, annulled 1349) William de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury

m2. (1346/8) Thomas Holand, 1st Earl of Kent (d 28.12.1360)

HJY

m3. (10.10.1361) Edward, Prince of Wales (b 15.06.1330, d 08.06.1376) above

20.

Eleanor Plantagenet (b 04.03.1306, d 1311)

GenEU reports the following connection which is interesting because, except for the date of John's death which may have been mixed up with that of the 1st Lord Botetourt, it provides information that does not otherwise overlap with that 1st Lord. As mentioned under John de Botetourt, 1st Lord there are many web sites which suggest that that lord was a son of Edward Longshanks. TCP (Botetourt) simply reports that the parentage of that lord is unknown. If his parentage was indeed different AND there was another John who was also 'of Botetourte' at that time, as below, then they may have been mixed up.

partner: dau of the Earl of Kildare

21.

(John) Walter Fitzroy de Botetourte (d 25.11.1324)

John Fitzroy of Ireland

Alice Fitzroy

m. Roger de Berington

Main sources:
(1) GenEU (Anjou3); BP1934 (Kings of England).
(2) RoyalList; BE1883 (Beaufort of Dorset, Beaufort of Somerset), TCP (Somerset).
(3) "Genealogical and Historical Diagrams, illustrative of The History of Scotland, England, France, and Germany from the Ninth Century to the Present Time" by William Graham (published by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh 1862).
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